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, flew to Moscow to Stanley Kubrick

"Great nations have always acted like gangsters, and small as prostitutes.

Stanley Kubrick,
A magazine "Guardian", June 5, 1963
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M onths before the assassination of John F. Kennedy, which occurred on November 22, 1963, Stanley Kubrick showed in his interview to the British Guardian, skepticism about the political movements that were happening at that moment in history in the world, especially with regard to American and Soviet policy, following the recent "missile crisis in Cuba" at the height of the Cold War born in this crisis the new period of "detente", which "hotline" , really white, red being applied as a reference simply qualitative "Hot Line" (Hot Line) - marked the hotline between the Kremlin and the White House in crisis.

Kubrick, who never seemed surprised by the false move of the great nations in the most critical years common alarm, and notes were left in the shifting political terrain of that year, he was immersed in the production of which would be the best political satire of the Cold War in the history of cinema, and that intelligently parodiaría period " detente "with a cynical political vision of the dreaded irresponsibility in the use of nuclear weapons.

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Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb , with this brilliant and original ironic title, "something ridiculously translated in Spain Hotline. We flew to Moscow, and rather better in Latin America as Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb - Kubrick produced, wrote and directed his new film after the equally controversial Lolita (1962) , premiered last year in Britain's first collaboration with Peter Sellers. It was his third dive in the context of war, from Fear and Desire (1953) and Paths of Glory (Paths of Glory, 1957), although in Red Phone is more suited to a policy context to what happened in the trenches themselves.

However, Red Phone obviously American filmmaker's experience filming scenes of military action and contains some of the most successful and innovative sequences of times, including documentaries about Kubrick's very own, perhaps the best documentary war fiction of history ", with camera in hand and natural lighting. Later in Metal Jacket (Full Metal Jacket, 1987), Kubrick would gala all the technical arsenal inherited from his early films, his photographic expertise and excellent eye for political satire in states war.

Since the late 50's, Stanley Kubrick began to develop the germ idea Red Phone , and finally make the film in 1963. During that time, Kubrick was always concerned about the possibility of a nuclear holocaust, and before finished filming Lolita began developing the idea of \u200b\u200bwhat would be his next film. In that interval, Kubrick, read over 50 novels about nuclear war to be a copy of the novel by Peter George, "Red Alert", which impacts Kubrick, given the striking resemblance to his theories of irresponsibility military in the collection of nuclear weapons after the end of World War II. The initial idea, after finally choosing the novel by Peter George to bring his script, was to devise a dramatic script based on the reality of the historical moment. After paying $ 3,500 for the rights to adapt the novel, writing the script begins with the very literary Peter George, assisted by the economist and professor of foreign affairs, national security and nuclear strategy, Thomas Schelling, future Nobel Laureate in Economics in 2005.

As we know, Kubrick's original intentions were to bring the dramatic tone of the novel by George, seriously, a thriller more tense over the period of the Cold War. However, as Kubrick himself later explained, after the surface of the drama adapted a latent comic tone emerged in many scenes, to imagine the scene of the sequences involved in the relaxation time of writing the script, until finally consider the possibility of turning the whole tone of it to this other script spontaneously, with a strategic political satire shifted to much more flexible with the theme, more risky and yet even more effective. Kubrick explained:

"My idea of \u200b\u200bdoing it as a nightmare comedy came in a few weeks to work on writing the screenplay adaptation. I found that by trying to put more meat on the grill, and imagine the scene completely, I was forced to rule out situations that were absurd or paradoxical, to keep away from sound funny. Yet, these situations seemed to be closer to the heart of the scenes in question. "

For the development of key new comedy screenplay, Kubrick hired Terry Southern novelist, after reading a of his novels, "The Magic Christian." And so, after the new backdrop of sarcastic comedy, it would hide a sophisticated and rigorous structure with good military and scientific base, which over the years has won many laughs as respect for the terrifying closeness with which portrayed the historical context. A reached the point of being studied by scientists based American strategists, they say, in a lot of credibility of the story and saying, some of them, all you need to know about nuclear strategy can be learned from Dr.Strangelove, evidently is a statement loaded with irony, but shows signs of respect earned by the guild. From the Freudian

credits Initial designed by Pablo Ferro, where two aircraft displayed copulating in flight, Red Telephone presents its devastating satire of any military and political element involved in the nuclear conflict in times of détente in the Cold War, with a clear statement of intent Part of Kubrick and his team of writers, so we'll see below can only be a Freudian nightmare key comedy as a metaphor for conflict, however, is terribly possible.

Both the base argument Phone red like "Red Alert", the original novel and as the film parallel based on the same novel, Sydney Lumet, who was shooting with Henry Fonda, Item Limit (Fail Safe, 1964), and finally released later to the case presented by Kubrick and Columbia Pictures, "was so simple and devastating:

A commander of the U.S. Air Force launches a nuclear attack plan, negligent for his government and President, through B-52 bombers that are under its responsibility in the air breaking point with the Soviet Union to Pending the possible order to attack, triggering a chain of events desperate to solve the human error that can mean the apocalypse. However, despite being the U.S. president himself in a direct line through called "red telephone" with the Soviet premier, and get cracking the code to allow the order to stop the irresponsible commander, one of the bombers exceed the limit point the dreaded unloading ammunition, and awakening the Soviet defense complex system of anti-nuclear, which means in just two hours, the end of Humanity.

For Red Phone, Kubrick unleashes its arsenal sarcastic transmuting all kinds of situations and characters involved, emphasizing the over-interpreted the best of the major players, all absolutely superb.

The final argument tells how General of the U.S. Air Force, Jack D. Ripper (Sterling Hayden) - pronounced "Jack the Ripper" (Jack the Ripper) - stunned by paranoid ideas about a Communist plot to fluoridate the drinking water, and pollute the "precious bodily fluids" of Americans makes the decision to disobey their obligations in the custody of nuclear weapons within B'52s bombers remain at the point of the boundary with the Soviet Union air. After taking the General Ripper justice into their own hands by ordering a nuclear attack, is accessed and the first level trigger called "device doomsday, apocalyptic the Soviet anti-nuclear defense system, activated automatically after detecting a nuclear attack on the territory of the Soviet Union.

In this scenario, the Air Force base in Burpleson, a helpful British Captain Royal Air Force (RAF) in exchange service, Lionel Mandrake (Peter Sellers), discovers after hearing stories General paranoid that the order given by him was not particularly in retaliation to a Soviet first strike, convincing confidence desperately secret code to neutralize the attack order.

Meanwhile, in the "War Room" Pentagon-stage non-existent in reality, but so compelling in the film caused much controversy, "the General" Buck "Turdigson (George C. Scott) advises the President United States, Merkin Muffley (again, Peter Sellers), - the only serious character throughout the film, "the attack, and apparently, General Ripper had taken advantage of a wild contingency plan in wartime The "Wing Attack Plan R" that gave commanders authority to Earth for a replica to an alleged nuclear Soviet attack on Washington that incapacitate the President to act, signed by President Muffley.

Turdigson try to persuade the President himself to seize the moment to attack en masse to the Soviets, after ordering this force Ripper to reveal the secret code, code that finally discover Captain Mandrake, later, surprisingly after a few sketches of the General Child . Muffley calls the Soviet ambassador in "War Room" of Sadeski Alexei (Peter Bull) to put you in touch with the "hotline" with Soviet Prime Minister Dmitry Kisov, one of the most memorable sequences in the film, with another great improvisation by Peter Sellers.

However, the information given to the Soviets to neutralize the bombers and the decryption key secret Ripper fails to stop one of the bombers, called "The Leper Colony" that has lost all communication. Commanded by Major TJ "King" Kong (Slim Pickens), "a true Texan in fiction and in real life," the B-52 achieved the target and finally drops the bomb, mounted by the full nuclear orgasm largest eigenvalue Kong. On the dreaded

"device doomsday," the sinister Dr.Strangelove (third paper of a histrionic Peter Sellers), a disturbing character confined to a wheelchair with an anarchic right hand, recommends that the President Muffley to think about restocking human in a mine 1,000 feet deep for more than 100 years through a rough process of human regeneration with Nazi references.

After miraculously rise victorious and Dr. Strangelove shouting "Mein Führer!, I can walk!" , start the bombing apocalyptic doomsday on the last sequence of the film, synchronized sequence Music to the tune "We'll Meet Again" performed by Vera Lynn.

special mention the brilliant performances of the entire cast, clearly highlighting the work of Peter Sellers, with 3 very different roles, including accents, in the best performance of his career with an Oscar nomination . Sellers, who initially started playing 4 roles, including Kong's largest, suffered an accident in the cockpit and had to be replaced by the Texas Slim Pickens, a real Texan who hardly had to play his part. George C. Scout flawlessly firm's first foray into comedy the role of General Turdigson immature, although subsequently criticized acitud of Kubrick, which according to him, forced him to overreact to eventually undermine its performance in a role burlesque. For its part, Sterling Hayden Kubrick accepted the call after several years out of the interpretation, and then embroider his role as General Ripper paranoid.

It is noteworthy that the original ending, with a wild sequence known as "war cakes" where everyone in the "War Room" went crazy with the Apocalypse, was removed, probably after final cut after the assassination of Kennedy.

Kubrick, who produced the film entirely in the UK, fleeing "Hays Code" and most likely film censorship had to re-edit a dialogue which referred to the city of Dallas after the assassination Kennedy, right at the end of the premiere, which had to be canceled, delayed it until January 29, 1964. Phone

Rojo.Volamos Moscow is now considered one of the best political satires in the history of cinema, and reminds us that any historical situation, however critical it is, beyond the power of satire and comedy.

Javier Ballesteros

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Bonus 1.
Humor.